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ccxt-python

CCXT cryptocurrency exchange library for Python developers. Covers both REST API (standard) and WebSocket API (real-time). Helps install CCXT, connect to exchanges, fetch market data, place orders, stream live tickers/orderbooks, handle authentication, and manage errors in Python. Use when working with crypto exchanges in Python projects, trading bots, data analysis, or portfolio management. Supports both sync and async (asyncio) usage.

aAAaqwq/openclaw-team

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含まれるファイル（1）

SKILL.md29.5 KB

SKILL.md（原文）

インストールする前に、エージェントに与えられる指示の中身を確認できます。

CCXT for Python

A comprehensive guide to using CCXT in Python projects for cryptocurrency exchange integration.

Installation

REST API (Standard)

pip install ccxt

WebSocket API (Real-time, ccxt.pro)

pip install ccxt

Optional Performance Enhancements

pip install orjson      # Faster JSON parsing
pip install coincurve   # Faster ECDSA signing (45ms → 0.05ms)

Both REST and WebSocket APIs are included in the same package.

Quick Start

REST API - Synchronous

import ccxt

exchange = ccxt.binance()
exchange.load_markets()
ticker = exchange.fetch_ticker('BTC/USDT')
print(ticker)

REST API - Asynchronous

import asyncio
import ccxt.async_support as ccxt

async def main():
    exchange = ccxt.binance()
    await exchange.load_markets()
    ticker = await exchange.fetch_ticker('BTC/USDT')
    print(ticker)
    await exchange.close()  # Important!

asyncio.run(main())

WebSocket API - Real-time Updates

import asyncio
import ccxt.pro as ccxtpro

async def main():
    exchange = ccxtpro.binance()
    while True:
        ticker = await exchange.watch_ticker('BTC/USDT')
        print(ticker)  # Live updates!
    await exchange.close()

asyncio.run(main())

REST vs WebSocket

Import	For REST	For WebSocket
Sync	`import ccxt`	(WebSocket requires async)
Async	`import ccxt.async_support as ccxt`	`import ccxt.pro as ccxtpro`

Feature	REST API	WebSocket API
Use for	One-time queries, placing orders	Real-time monitoring, live price feeds
Method prefix	`fetch_*` (fetch_ticker, fetch_order_book)	`watch_*` (watch_ticker, watch_order_book)
Speed	Slower (HTTP request/response)	Faster (persistent connection)
Rate limits	Strict (1-2 req/sec)	More lenient (continuous stream)
Best for	Trading, account management	Price monitoring, arbitrage detection

When to use REST:

Placing orders
Fetching account balance
One-time data queries
Order management (cancel, fetch orders)

When to use WebSocket:

Real-time price monitoring
Live orderbook updates
Arbitrage detection
Portfolio tracking with live updates

Creating Exchange Instance

REST API - Synchronous

import ccxt

# Public API (no authentication)
exchange = ccxt.binance({
    'enableRateLimit': True  # Recommended!
})

# Private API (with authentication)
exchange = ccxt.binance({
    'apiKey': 'YOUR_API_KEY',
    'secret': 'YOUR_SECRET',
    'enableRateLimit': True
})

REST API - Asynchronous

import ccxt.async_support as ccxt

exchange = ccxt.binance({
    'apiKey': 'YOUR_API_KEY',
    'secret': 'YOUR_SECRET',
    'enableRateLimit': True
})

# Always close when done
await exchange.close()

WebSocket API

import ccxt.pro as ccxtpro

# Public WebSocket
exchange = ccxtpro.binance()

# Private WebSocket (with authentication)
exchange = ccxtpro.binance({
    'apiKey': 'YOUR_API_KEY',
    'secret': 'YOUR_SECRET'
})

# Always close when done
await exchange.close()

Common REST Operations

Loading Markets

# Load all available trading pairs
exchange.load_markets()

# Access market information
btc_market = exchange.market('BTC/USDT')
print(btc_market['limits']['amount']['min'])  # Minimum order amount

Fetching Ticker

# Single ticker
ticker = exchange.fetch_ticker('BTC/USDT')
print(ticker['last'])      # Last price
print(ticker['bid'])       # Best bid
print(ticker['ask'])       # Best ask
print(ticker['volume'])    # 24h volume

# Multiple tickers (if supported)
tickers = exchange.fetch_tickers(['BTC/USDT', 'ETH/USDT'])

Fetching Order Book

# Full orderbook
orderbook = exchange.fetch_order_book('BTC/USDT')
print(orderbook['bids'][0])  # [price, amount]
print(orderbook['asks'][0])  # [price, amount]

# Limited depth
orderbook = exchange.fetch_order_book('BTC/USDT', 5)  # Top 5 levels

Creating Orders

Limit Order

# Buy limit order
order = exchange.create_limit_buy_order('BTC/USDT', 0.01, 50000)
print(order['id'])

# Sell limit order
order = exchange.create_limit_sell_order('BTC/USDT', 0.01, 60000)

# Generic limit order
order = exchange.create_order('BTC/USDT', 'limit', 'buy', 0.01, 50000)

Market Order

# Buy market order
order = exchange.create_market_buy_order('BTC/USDT', 0.01)

# Sell market order
order = exchange.create_market_sell_order('BTC/USDT', 0.01)

# Generic market order
order = exchange.create_order('BTC/USDT', 'market', 'sell', 0.01)

Fetching Balance

balance = exchange.fetch_balance()
print(balance['BTC']['free'])   # Available balance
print(balance['BTC']['used'])   # Balance in orders
print(balance['BTC']['total'])  # Total balance

Fetching Orders

# Open orders
open_orders = exchange.fetch_open_orders('BTC/USDT')

# Closed orders
closed_orders = exchange.fetch_closed_orders('BTC/USDT')

# All orders (open + closed)
all_orders = exchange.fetch_orders('BTC/USDT')

# Single order by ID
order = exchange.fetch_order(order_id, 'BTC/USDT')

Fetching Trades

# Recent public trades
trades = exchange.fetch_trades('BTC/USDT', limit=10)

# Your trades (requires authentication)
my_trades = exchange.fetch_my_trades('BTC/USDT')

Canceling Orders

# Cancel single order
exchange.cancel_order(order_id, 'BTC/USDT')

# Cancel all orders for a symbol
exchange.cancel_all_orders('BTC/USDT')

WebSocket Operations (Real-time)

Watching Ticker (Live Price Updates)

import asyncio
import ccxt.pro as ccxtpro

async def main():
    exchange = ccxtpro.binance()
    while True:
        ticker = await exchange.watch_ticker('BTC/USDT')
        print(ticker['last'], ticker['timestamp'])
    await exchange.close()

asyncio.run(main())

Watching Order Book (Live Depth Updates)

async def main():
    exchange = ccxtpro.binance()
    while True:
        orderbook = await exchange.watch_order_book('BTC/USDT')
        print('Best bid:', orderbook['bids'][0])
        print('Best ask:', orderbook['asks'][0])
    await exchange.close()

asyncio.run(main())

Watching Trades (Live Trade Stream)

async def main():
    exchange = ccxtpro.binance()
    while True:
        trades = await exchange.watch_trades('BTC/USDT')
        for trade in trades:
            print(trade['price'], trade['amount'], trade['side'])
    await exchange.close()

asyncio.run(main())

Watching Your Orders (Live Order Updates)

async def main():
    exchange = ccxtpro.binance({
        'apiKey': 'YOUR_API_KEY',
        'secret': 'YOUR_SECRET'
    })
    while True:
        orders = await exchange.watch_orders('BTC/USDT')
        for order in orders:
            print(order['id'], order['status'], order['filled'])
    await exchange.close()

asyncio.run(main())

Watching Balance (Live Balance Updates)

async def main():
    exchange = ccxtpro.binance({
        'apiKey': 'YOUR_API_KEY',
        'secret': 'YOUR_SECRET'
    })
    while True:
        balance = await exchange.watch_balance()
        print('BTC:', balance['BTC'])
        print('USDT:', balance['USDT'])
    await exchange.close()

asyncio.run(main())

Watching Multiple Symbols

async def main():
    exchange = ccxtpro.binance()
    symbols = ['BTC/USDT', 'ETH/USDT', 'SOL/USDT']

    while True:
        # Watch all symbols concurrently
        tickers = await exchange.watch_tickers(symbols)
        for symbol, ticker in tickers.items():
            print(symbol, ticker['last'])
    await exchange.close()

asyncio.run(main())

Complete Method Reference

Market Data Methods

Tickers & Prices

fetchTicker(symbol) - Fetch ticker for one symbol
fetchTickers([symbols]) - Fetch multiple tickers at once
fetchBidsAsks([symbols]) - Fetch best bid/ask for multiple symbols
fetchLastPrices([symbols]) - Fetch last prices
fetchMarkPrices([symbols]) - Fetch mark prices (derivatives)

Order Books

fetchOrderBook(symbol, limit) - Fetch order book
fetchOrderBooks([symbols]) - Fetch multiple order books
fetchL2OrderBook(symbol) - Fetch level 2 order book
fetchL3OrderBook(symbol) - Fetch level 3 order book (if supported)

Trades

fetchTrades(symbol, since, limit) - Fetch public trades
fetchMyTrades(symbol, since, limit) - Fetch your trades (auth required)
fetchOrderTrades(orderId, symbol) - Fetch trades for specific order

OHLCV (Candlesticks)

fetchOHLCV(symbol, timeframe, since, limit) - Fetch candlestick data
fetchIndexOHLCV(symbol, timeframe) - Fetch index price OHLCV
fetchMarkOHLCV(symbol, timeframe) - Fetch mark price OHLCV
fetchPremiumIndexOHLCV(symbol, timeframe) - Fetch premium index OHLCV

Account & Balance

fetchBalance() - Fetch account balance (auth required)
fetchAccounts() - Fetch sub-accounts
fetchLedger(code, since, limit) - Fetch ledger history
fetchLedgerEntry(id, code) - Fetch specific ledger entry
fetchTransactions(code, since, limit) - Fetch transactions
fetchDeposits(code, since, limit) - Fetch deposit history
fetchWithdrawals(code, since, limit) - Fetch withdrawal history
fetchDepositsWithdrawals(code, since, limit) - Fetch both deposits and withdrawals

Trading Methods

Creating Orders

createOrder(symbol, type, side, amount, price, params) - Create order (generic)
createLimitOrder(symbol, side, amount, price) - Create limit order
createMarketOrder(symbol, side, amount) - Create market order
createLimitBuyOrder(symbol, amount, price) - Buy limit order
createLimitSellOrder(symbol, amount, price) - Sell limit order
createMarketBuyOrder(symbol, amount) - Buy market order
createMarketSellOrder(symbol, amount) - Sell market order
createMarketBuyOrderWithCost(symbol, cost) - Buy with specific cost
createStopLimitOrder(symbol, side, amount, price, stopPrice) - Stop-limit order
createStopMarketOrder(symbol, side, amount, stopPrice) - Stop-market order
createStopLossOrder(symbol, side, amount, stopPrice) - Stop-loss order
createTakeProfitOrder(symbol, side, amount, takeProfitPrice) - Take-profit order
createTrailingAmountOrder(symbol, side, amount, trailingAmount) - Trailing stop
createTrailingPercentOrder(symbol, side, amount, trailingPercent) - Trailing stop %
createTriggerOrder(symbol, side, amount, triggerPrice) - Trigger order
createPostOnlyOrder(symbol, side, amount, price) - Post-only order
createReduceOnlyOrder(symbol, side, amount, price) - Reduce-only order
createOrders([orders]) - Create multiple orders at once
createOrderWithTakeProfitAndStopLoss(symbol, type, side, amount, price, tpPrice, slPrice) - OCO order

Managing Orders

fetchOrder(orderId, symbol) - Fetch single order
fetchOrders(symbol, since, limit) - Fetch all orders
fetchOpenOrders(symbol, since, limit) - Fetch open orders
fetchClosedOrders(symbol, since, limit) - Fetch closed orders
fetchCanceledOrders(symbol, since, limit) - Fetch canceled orders
fetchOpenOrder(orderId, symbol) - Fetch specific open order
fetchOrdersByStatus(status, symbol) - Fetch orders by status
cancelOrder(orderId, symbol) - Cancel single order
cancelOrders([orderIds], symbol) - Cancel multiple orders
cancelAllOrders(symbol) - Cancel all orders for symbol
editOrder(orderId, symbol, type, side, amount, price) - Modify order

Margin & Leverage

fetchBorrowRate(code) - Fetch borrow rate for margin
fetchBorrowRates([codes]) - Fetch multiple borrow rates
fetchBorrowRateHistory(code, since, limit) - Historical borrow rates
fetchCrossBorrowRate(code) - Cross margin borrow rate
fetchIsolatedBorrowRate(symbol, code) - Isolated margin borrow rate
borrowMargin(code, amount, symbol) - Borrow margin
repayMargin(code, amount, symbol) - Repay margin
fetchLeverage(symbol) - Fetch leverage
setLeverage(leverage, symbol) - Set leverage
fetchLeverageTiers(symbols) - Fetch leverage tiers
fetchMarketLeverageTiers(symbol) - Leverage tiers for market
setMarginMode(marginMode, symbol) - Set margin mode (cross/isolated)
fetchMarginMode(symbol) - Fetch margin mode

Derivatives & Futures

Positions

fetchPosition(symbol) - Fetch single position
fetchPositions([symbols]) - Fetch all positions
fetchPositionsForSymbol(symbol) - Fetch positions for symbol
fetchPositionHistory(symbol, since, limit) - Position history
fetchPositionsHistory(symbols, since, limit) - Multiple position history
fetchPositionMode(symbol) - Fetch position mode (one-way/hedge)
setPositionMode(hedged, symbol) - Set position mode
closePosition(symbol, side) - Close position
closeAllPositions() - Close all positions

Funding & Settlement

fetchFundingRate(symbol) - Current funding rate
fetchFundingRates([symbols]) - Multiple funding rates
fetchFundingRateHistory(symbol, since, limit) - Funding rate history
fetchFundingHistory(symbol, since, limit) - Your funding payments
fetchFundingInterval(symbol) - Funding interval
fetchSettlementHistory(symbol, since, limit) - Settlement history
fetchMySettlementHistory(symbol, since, limit) - Your settlement history

Open Interest & Liquidations

fetchOpenInterest(symbol) - Open interest for symbol
fetchOpenInterests([symbols]) - Multiple open interests
fetchOpenInterestHistory(symbol, timeframe, since, limit) - OI history
fetchLiquidations(symbol, since, limit) - Public liquidations
fetchMyLiquidations(symbol, since, limit) - Your liquidations

Options

fetchOption(symbol) - Fetch option info
fetchOptionChain(code) - Fetch option chain
fetchGreeks(symbol) - Fetch option greeks
fetchVolatilityHistory(code, since, limit) - Volatility history
fetchUnderlyingAssets() - Fetch underlying assets

Fees & Limits

fetchTradingFee(symbol) - Trading fee for symbol
fetchTradingFees([symbols]) - Trading fees for multiple symbols
fetchTradingLimits([symbols]) - Trading limits
fetchTransactionFee(code) - Transaction/withdrawal fee
fetchTransactionFees([codes]) - Multiple transaction fees
fetchDepositWithdrawFee(code) - Deposit/withdrawal fee
fetchDepositWithdrawFees([codes]) - Multiple deposit/withdraw fees

Deposits & Withdrawals

fetchDepositAddress(code, params) - Get deposit address
fetchDepositAddresses([codes]) - Multiple deposit addresses
fetchDepositAddressesByNetwork(code) - Addresses by network
createDepositAddress(code, params) - Create new deposit address
fetchDeposit(id, code) - Fetch single deposit
fetchWithdrawal(id, code) - Fetch single withdrawal
fetchWithdrawAddresses(code) - Fetch withdrawal addresses
fetchWithdrawalWhitelist(code) - Fetch whitelist
withdraw(code, amount, address, tag, params) - Withdraw funds
deposit(code, amount, params) - Deposit funds (if supported)

Transfer & Convert

transfer(code, amount, fromAccount, toAccount) - Internal transfer
fetchTransfer(id, code) - Fetch transfer info
fetchTransfers(code, since, limit) - Fetch transfer history
fetchConvertCurrencies() - Currencies available for convert
fetchConvertQuote(fromCode, toCode, amount) - Get conversion quote
createConvertTrade(fromCode, toCode, amount) - Execute conversion
fetchConvertTrade(id) - Fetch convert trade
fetchConvertTradeHistory(code, since, limit) - Convert history

Market Info

fetchMarkets() - Fetch all markets
fetchCurrencies() - Fetch all currencies
fetchTime() - Fetch exchange server time
fetchStatus() - Fetch exchange status
fetchBorrowInterest(code, symbol, since, limit) - Borrow interest paid
fetchLongShortRatio(symbol, timeframe, since, limit) - Long/short ratio
fetchLongShortRatioHistory(symbol, timeframe, since, limit) - L/S ratio history

WebSocket Methods (ccxt.pro)

All REST methods have WebSocket equivalents with watch* prefix:

Real-time Market Data

watchTicker(symbol) - Watch single ticker
watchTickers([symbols]) - Watch multiple tickers
watchOrderBook(symbol) - Watch order book updates
watchOrderBookForSymbols([symbols]) - Watch multiple order books
watchTrades(symbol) - Watch public trades
watchOHLCV(symbol, timeframe) - Watch candlestick updates
watchBidsAsks([symbols]) - Watch best bid/ask

Real-time Account Data (Auth Required)

watchBalance() - Watch balance updates
watchOrders(symbol) - Watch your order updates
watchMyTrades(symbol) - Watch your trade updates
watchPositions([symbols]) - Watch position updates
watchPositionsForSymbol(symbol) - Watch positions for symbol

Authentication Required

Methods marked with 🔒 require API credentials:

All create* methods (creating orders, addresses)
All cancel* methods (canceling orders)
All edit* methods (modifying orders)
All fetchMy* methods (your trades, orders)
fetchBalance, fetchLedger, fetchAccounts
withdraw, transfer, deposit
Margin/leverage methods
Position methods
watchBalance, watchOrders, watchMyTrades, watchPositions

Checking Method Availability

Not all exchanges support all methods. Check before using:

// Check if method is supported
if (exchange.has['fetchOHLCV']) {
    const candles = await exchange.fetchOHLCV('BTC/USDT', '1h')
}

// Check multiple capabilities
console.log(exchange.has)
// {
//   fetchTicker: true,
//   fetchOHLCV: true,
//   fetchMyTrades: true,
//   fetchPositions: false,
//   ...
// }

Method Naming Convention

fetch* - REST API methods (HTTP requests)
watch* - WebSocket methods (real-time streams)
create* - Create new resources (orders, addresses)
cancel* - Cancel existing resources
edit* - Modify existing resources
set* - Configure settings (leverage, margin mode)
*Ws suffix - WebSocket variant (some exchanges)

Proxy Configuration

CCXT supports HTTP, HTTPS, and SOCKS proxies for both REST and WebSocket connections.

Setting Proxy

// HTTP Proxy
exchange.httpProxy = 'http://your-proxy-host:port'

// HTTPS Proxy  
exchange.httpsProxy = 'https://your-proxy-host:port'

// SOCKS Proxy
exchange.socksProxy = 'socks://your-proxy-host:port'

// Proxy with authentication
exchange.httpProxy = 'http://user:pass@proxy-host:port'

Proxy for WebSocket

WebSocket connections also respect proxy settings:

exchange.httpsProxy = 'https://proxy:8080'
// WebSocket connections will use this proxy

Testing Proxy Connection

exchange.httpProxy = 'http://localhost:8080'
try {
    await exchange.fetchTicker('BTC/USDT')
    console.log('Proxy working!')
} catch (error) {
    console.error('Proxy connection failed:', error)
}

WebSocket-Specific Methods

Some exchanges provide WebSocket variants of REST methods for faster order placement and management. These use the *Ws suffix:

Trading via WebSocket

Creating Orders:

createOrderWs - Create order via WebSocket (faster than REST)
createLimitOrderWs - Create limit order via WebSocket
createMarketOrderWs - Create market order via WebSocket
createLimitBuyOrderWs - Buy limit order via WebSocket
createLimitSellOrderWs - Sell limit order via WebSocket
createMarketBuyOrderWs - Buy market order via WebSocket
createMarketSellOrderWs - Sell market order via WebSocket
createStopLimitOrderWs - Stop-limit order via WebSocket
createStopMarketOrderWs - Stop-market order via WebSocket
createStopLossOrderWs - Stop-loss order via WebSocket
createTakeProfitOrderWs - Take-profit order via WebSocket
createTrailingAmountOrderWs - Trailing stop via WebSocket
createTrailingPercentOrderWs - Trailing stop % via WebSocket
createPostOnlyOrderWs - Post-only order via WebSocket
createReduceOnlyOrderWs - Reduce-only order via WebSocket

Managing Orders:

editOrderWs - Edit order via WebSocket
cancelOrderWs - Cancel order via WebSocket (faster than REST)
cancelOrdersWs - Cancel multiple orders via WebSocket
cancelAllOrdersWs - Cancel all orders via WebSocket

Fetching Data:

fetchOrderWs - Fetch order via WebSocket
fetchOrdersWs - Fetch orders via WebSocket
fetchOpenOrdersWs - Fetch open orders via WebSocket
fetchClosedOrdersWs - Fetch closed orders via WebSocket
fetchMyTradesWs - Fetch your trades via WebSocket
fetchBalanceWs - Fetch balance via WebSocket
fetchPositionWs - Fetch position via WebSocket
fetchPositionsWs - Fetch positions via WebSocket
fetchPositionsForSymbolWs - Fetch positions for symbol via WebSocket
fetchTradingFeesWs - Fetch trading fees via WebSocket

When to Use WebSocket Methods

Use *Ws methods when:

You need faster order placement (lower latency)
You're already connected via WebSocket
You want to reduce REST API rate limit usage
Trading strategies require sub-100ms latency

Use REST methods when:

You need guaranteed execution confirmation
You're making one-off requests
The exchange doesn't support the WebSocket variant
You need detailed error responses

Example: Order Placement Comparison

REST API (slower, more reliable):

const order = await exchange.createOrder('BTC/USDT', 'limit', 'buy', 0.01, 50000)

WebSocket API (faster, lower latency):

const order = await exchange.createOrderWs('BTC/USDT', 'limit', 'buy', 0.01, 50000)

Checking WebSocket Method Availability

Not all exchanges support WebSocket trading methods:

if (exchange.has['createOrderWs']) {
    // Exchange supports WebSocket order creation
    const order = await exchange.createOrderWs('BTC/USDT', 'limit', 'buy', 0.01, 50000)
} else {
    // Fall back to REST
    const order = await exchange.createOrder('BTC/USDT', 'limit', 'buy', 0.01, 50000)
}

Authentication

Setting API Keys

import os

# During instantiation (recommended)
exchange = ccxt.binance({
    'apiKey': os.environ.get('BINANCE_API_KEY'),
    'secret': os.environ.get('BINANCE_SECRET'),
    'enableRateLimit': True
})

# After instantiation
exchange.apiKey = os.environ.get('BINANCE_API_KEY')
exchange.secret = os.environ.get('BINANCE_SECRET')

Testing Authentication

try:
    balance = exchange.fetch_balance()
    print('Authentication successful!')
except ccxt.AuthenticationError:
    print('Invalid API credentials')

Error Handling

Exception Hierarchy

BaseError
├─ NetworkError (recoverable - retry)
│  ├─ RequestTimeout
│  ├─ ExchangeNotAvailable
│  ├─ RateLimitExceeded
│  └─ DDoSProtection
└─ ExchangeError (non-recoverable - don't retry)
   ├─ AuthenticationError
   ├─ InsufficientFunds
   ├─ InvalidOrder
   └─ NotSupported

Basic Error Handling

import ccxt

try:
    ticker = exchange.fetch_ticker('BTC/USDT')
except ccxt.NetworkError as e:
    print('Network error - retry:', str(e))
except ccxt.ExchangeError as e:
    print('Exchange error - do not retry:', str(e))
except Exception as e:
    print('Unknown error:', str(e))

Specific Exception Handling

try:
    order = exchange.create_order('BTC/USDT', 'limit', 'buy', 0.01, 50000)
except ccxt.InsufficientFunds:
    print('Not enough balance')
except ccxt.InvalidOrder:
    print('Invalid order parameters')
except ccxt.RateLimitExceeded:
    print('Rate limit hit - wait before retrying')
    exchange.sleep(1000)  # Wait 1 second
except ccxt.AuthenticationError:
    print('Check your API credentials')

Retry Logic for Network Errors

def fetch_with_retry(max_retries=3):
    for i in range(max_retries):
        try:
            return exchange.fetch_ticker('BTC/USDT')
        except ccxt.NetworkError:
            if i < max_retries - 1:
                print(f'Retry {i + 1}/{max_retries}')
                exchange.sleep(1000 * (i + 1))  # Exponential backoff
            else:
                raise

Async vs Sync

When to Use Sync

Simple scripts
Single exchange operations
Jupyter notebooks
Quick testing

When to Use Async

Multiple concurrent operations
WebSocket connections (required)
High-performance trading bots
Multiple exchange monitoring

Sync Example

import ccxt

exchange = ccxt.binance({'enableRateLimit': True})
ticker = exchange.fetch_ticker('BTC/USDT')
print(ticker['last'])

Async Example

import asyncio
import ccxt.async_support as ccxt

async def main():
    exchange = ccxt.binance({'enableRateLimit': True})
    ticker = await exchange.fetch_ticker('BTC/USDT')
    print(ticker['last'])
    await exchange.close()

asyncio.run(main())

Multiple Exchanges Async

async def fetch_all():
    exchanges = [
        ccxt.binance({'enableRateLimit': True}),
        ccxt.coinbase({'enableRateLimit': True}),
        ccxt.kraken({'enableRateLimit': True})
    ]

    # Fetch concurrently
    tasks = [ex.fetch_ticker('BTC/USDT') for ex in exchanges]
    tickers = await asyncio.gather(*tasks, return_exceptions=True)

    for ex, ticker in zip(exchanges, tickers):
        if isinstance(ticker, Exception):
            print(f'{ex.id}: ERROR - {ticker}')
        else:
            print(f'{ex.id}: ${ticker["last"]}')
        await ex.close()

asyncio.run(fetch_all())

Rate Limiting

Built-in Rate Limiter (Recommended)

exchange = ccxt.binance({
    'enableRateLimit': True  # Automatically throttles requests
})

Manual Delays

exchange.fetch_ticker('BTC/USDT')
exchange.sleep(1000)  # Wait 1 second (milliseconds)
exchange.fetch_ticker('ETH/USDT')

Checking Rate Limit

print(exchange.rateLimit)  # Milliseconds between requests

Common Pitfalls

Forgetting `await` in Async Mode

# Wrong - returns coroutine, not data
async def wrong():
    ticker = exchange.fetch_ticker('BTC/USDT')  # Missing await!
    print(ticker['last'])  # ERROR

# Correct
async def correct():
    ticker = await exchange.fetch_ticker('BTC/USDT')
    print(ticker['last'])  # Works!

Using Sync for WebSocket

# Wrong - WebSocket requires async
import ccxt.pro as ccxtpro
exchange = ccxtpro.binance()
ticker = exchange.watch_ticker('BTC/USDT')  # ERROR: Need await!

# Correct
import asyncio
import ccxt.pro as ccxtpro

async def main():
    exchange = ccxtpro.binance()
    ticker = await exchange.watch_ticker('BTC/USDT')
    await exchange.close()

asyncio.run(main())

Not Closing Async Exchange

# Wrong - resource leak
async def wrong():
    exchange = ccxt.binance()
    await exchange.fetch_ticker('BTC/USDT')
    # Forgot to close!

# Correct
async def correct():
    exchange = ccxt.binance()
    try:
        await exchange.fetch_ticker('BTC/USDT')
    finally:
        await exchange.close()

Using Sync in Async Code

# Wrong - blocks event loop
async def wrong():
    exchange = ccxt.binance()  # Sync import!
    ticker = exchange.fetch_ticker('BTC/USDT')  # Blocking!

# Correct
import ccxt.async_support as ccxt

async def correct():
    exchange = ccxt.binance()
    ticker = await exchange.fetch_ticker('BTC/USDT')
    await exchange.close()

Using REST for Real-time Monitoring

# Wrong - wastes rate limits
while True:
    ticker = exchange.fetch_ticker('BTC/USDT')  # REST
    print(ticker['last'])
    exchange.sleep(1000)

# Correct - use WebSocket
import ccxt.pro as ccxtpro

async def correct():
    exchange = ccxtpro.binance()
    while True:
        ticker = await exchange.watch_ticker('BTC/USDT')  # WebSocket
        print(ticker['last'])
    await exchange.close()

Troubleshooting

Common Issues

1. "ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'ccxt'"

Solution: Run pip install ccxt

2. "RateLimitExceeded"

Solution: Enable rate limiter: 'enableRateLimit': True
Or add manual delays between requests

3. "AuthenticationError"

Solution: Check API key and secret
Verify API key permissions on exchange
Check system clock is synced (use NTP)

4. "InvalidNonce"

Solution: Sync system clock
Use only one exchange instance per API key

5. "InsufficientFunds"

Solution: Check available balance (balance['BTC']['free'])
Account for trading fees

6. "ExchangeNotAvailable"

Solution: Check exchange status/maintenance
Retry after a delay

7. SSL/Certificate errors

Solution: Update certifi: pip install --upgrade certifi

8. Slow performance

Solution: Install performance enhancements:
- pip install orjson (faster JSON)
- pip install coincurve (faster signing)

Debugging

# Enable verbose logging
exchange.verbose = True

# Check exchange capabilities
print(exchange.has)
# {
#   'fetchTicker': True,
#   'fetchOrderBook': True,
#   'createOrder': True,
#   ...
# }

# Check market information
print(exchange.markets['BTC/USDT'])

# Check last request/response
print(exchange.last_http_response)
print(exchange.last_json_response)

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