Setting Up CloudWatch Observability

Scope: First-time CloudWatch observability setup, for both products — a CloudWatch Application Observability (Omni) Space from creation through first traces flowing, and onboarding a service to classic CloudWatch Application Signals. For using what is already set up (queries, dashboards, alarms, Omni alerts, evaluations, live debugging), route to aws-observability.

Two products, two reference folders

This skill owns setup for two products that share the CloudWatch name but are separate services. The folder a reference lives in is the signal for which product it belongs to — the same convention aws-observability uses:

Folder	Product	What setup means there
references/cloudwatch-omni/	CloudWatch Omni (Application / Agent Observability)	Domain → Space → grants → telemetry in → plain ADOT SDK instrumentation. No add-on, no CloudWatch Agent application_signals config, no port 4316.
references/cloudwatch/	Classic CloudWatch	Onboarding a service to Application Signals: ADOT auto-instrumentation, the amazon-cloudwatch-observability EKS add-on, the CloudWatch Agent, monitored service, ServiceEvents, CI/CD git/deployment metadata, port 4316.

The two instrumentation paths are mutually exclusive on a given workload — the Omni path explicitly forbids the Application Signals env vars and the add-on, and vice versa. Decide the product first (Routing Rules 1–4 below), then stay inside that folder. Enabling one does not replace the other; an account may run both, on different services.

Works best with the AWS MCP server — enables running AWS CLI commands directly. All guidance also works with standard AWS CLI access (aws cloudwatchomni ... on the Omni path; aws eks, aws iam, and aws application-signals on the Application Signals path).

Concepts — Omni (references/cloudwatch-omni/)

These are Omni's resources. None of them exist on the Application Signals path — that one has no Domain, Space, grant, or Dataset; its unit is a monitored service, and access is plain IAM. Do not ask an Application Signals onboarding customer for a spaceId.

Term	What it is
Domain	The identity boundary. Carries the authorization provider (IAM or Identity Center) and owns the endpoint URL customers reach Omni through. One per account, or one shared across an AWS Organization.
Space	A workspace holding telemetry, in exactly one account and one Region. Created under a Domain. At most one per account per Region. Region rule: under an IAM-only Domain a Space may sit in a Region other than the Domain's; under an Identity Center Domain the Space must be in the Domain's own Region — Identity Center plus Spaces in several Regions needs the org-scoped Domain.
Access grant	Attaches a principal — person, group, IAM identity, or async workload — to one Space at a permission level. The only way anyone reaches data through a Space — it does not restrict the source CloudWatch log groups, which stay readable under their own IAM.
Access Profile	A named boundary for async workloads (alerts, integrations, agents) that act without a person in the loop. It is only a named container: create-access-profile takes a Space, a name, and a description and nothing else — no permission, action, or scope input. It does something only once two separate sets of grants exist (what the profile may do; which workloads may assume it) and a workload names it.
Dataset	What queries run against. Telemetry arrives through the CloudWatch OTLP endpoints, or by forwarding what is already in CloudWatch log groups.

Omni setup order from nothing: Domain → Space → grants → telemetry in → instrumentation. (The Application Signals equivalent is much shorter and has no prerequisite resources — add-on/agent, IAM, then the per-platform enablement change; see references/cloudwatch/application-signals-onboarding.md.) "Telemetry in" (a collector exporting to CloudWatch's OTLP endpoints, plus dataset forwarding for what is already in CloudWatch) is its own step, separate from instrumenting the workloads. Access Profiles are conditional, not a step in the sequence — only when async workloads (alerts, integrations, agents) are involved. Whenever you give this sequence, also say that instrumentation or forwarding started before a Space exists appears to succeed while delivering telemetry nowhere the customer can see — a customer who checks Omni first reads a working, empty Space as a failure. For the concept relationships and the full arc, see references/cloudwatch-omni/app-basics.md.

This is a routing skill. Classify the user's setup request and delegate to the correct reference. Omni references live under references/cloudwatch-omni/; classic-CloudWatch (Application Signals) references live under references/cloudwatch/.

User intent	Reference
Onboard a service to Application Signals (auto-instrumentation, the amazon-cloudwatch-observability EKS add-on, CloudWatch Agent IAM, monitored service, reporting telemetry, ServiceEvents, the two onboarding tiers)	references/cloudwatch/application-signals-onboarding.md
Propagate ServiceEvents git/deployment metadata through CI/CD (the 5 OTEL_AWS_SERVICE_EVENTS_* vars, per-provider patterns)	references/cloudwatch/application-signals-cicd-metadata.md
Per-platform × per-language Application Signals enablement steps once platform and language are known	The matching references/cloudwatch/appsignals-guides/<platform>-<language>.md (e.g. references/cloudwatch/appsignals-guides/eks-python.md)
Turn on Dynamic Instrumentation for a service at onboarding time (the OTEL_AWS_DYNAMIC_INSTRUMENTATION_* vars and their IAM)	references/cloudwatch/application-signals-onboarding.md (Step 5d). Using it to debug is aws-observability
Understand what Omni is, its concepts, or where to start	references/cloudwatch-omni/app-basics.md
Instrument an AI agent (ADOT, OpenInference, framework detection, trace verification), or deploy an agent to production and get traces flowing to CloudWatch — env vars per platform (AgentCore, Lambda, or other platforms such as ECS/EC2/EKS), routing spans to a custom trace log group, IAM permissions needed, ADOT version requirements	references/cloudwatch-omni/omni-agents-instrumentation/omni-agents-instrumentation.md (§ Production deployment for the deploy case)
Per-framework OpenInference guide (LangChain, LangGraph, Strands, CrewAI, OpenAI Agents, Vercel AI) once the agent framework is known	references/cloudwatch-omni/omni-agents-instrumentation/openinference-framework-guide.md, then the matching references/cloudwatch-omni/omni-agents-instrumentation/instrument-<framework>.md
Instrument an application (ADOT SDK on EC2/ECS/EKS/Lambda — Python, Node.js, Java, .NET)	references/cloudwatch-omni/instrumentation/instrumentation.md
Emit a custom application or agent metric so it is queryable in Omni (why OTLP and not PutMetricData/EMF)	references/cloudwatch-omni/instrumentation/instrumentation.md (§ Custom metrics)
Create an account-scoped Space or Domain	references/cloudwatch-omni/spaces-and-domains.md
Whether a Space can be in a different Region from its Domain	references/cloudwatch-omni/spaces-and-domains.md (Prerequisites → Region rules)
The AgentCore evaluation role that create-space asks for — what it is, whether to create one	references/cloudwatch-omni/spaces-and-domains.md (Step 3 → Also resolve the AgentCore evaluation role)
A Space that was created successfully but returns an authorization error when used	references/cloudwatch-omni/spaces-and-domains.md (Troubleshooting → If the Space was created but cannot be used) — a space access role trust-policy problem, not a grant problem
Create a Domain shared across an AWS Organization	references/cloudwatch-omni/org-domains.md
Configure access grants for people or IAM identities or alerts	references/cloudwatch-omni/access-grants.md
Bound an alert, integration, or agent with an Access Profile	references/cloudwatch-omni/access-profiles.md
Deploy an OTel Collector so an instrumented app has somewhere to export to (EC2/ECS/EKS) — it exports to CloudWatch's own per-signal OTLP endpoints	references/cloudwatch-omni/instrumentation/collector.md
Enable Transaction Search so traces reach a Space (spans land in aws/spans only once it is on — per account, per Region)	references/cloudwatch-omni/instrumentation/collector.md (Step 1)
Forward telemetry already in CloudWatch into the Dataset	references/cloudwatch-omni/data-forwarding-and-centralization.md
Send your application's own telemetry from Azure (the logs/metrics/traces your service emits, via the CloudWatch agent on an Azure VM/AKS)	references/cloudwatch-omni/azure-ingestion/azure-ingestion.md (intent triage), then references/cloudwatch-omni/azure-ingestion/custom-telemetry.md (the CloudWatch-agent-on-VM/AKS procedure)
Connect Slack to a Space for the first time	references/cloudwatch-omni/slack-integration.md
Whether a custom MCP tool server can be registered (Omni has none)	references/cloudwatch-omni/custom-mcp-integration.md

Routing Rules

1. If the user is asking what Omni is, what a Domain or Space or grant means, where to start, or the end-to-end order of steps from nothing — rather than asking to perform one setup step — route to references/cloudwatch-omni/app-basics.md and answer the sequence from its "Setup order" section (not from a single procedure file such as collector.md, which covers one step). It also carries the boundary against aws-observability. A question about one concept's rules — a Space's Region relative to its Domain, the roles create-space needs — belongs to the procedure file for that concept (spaces-and-domains.md), which the routing table names.
2. If the request is about instrumenting an AI agent project (adding OTel to a framework such as LangChain, LangGraph, Strands, CrewAI, OpenAI Agents, or Vercel AI), it is Omni — route to references/cloudwatch-omni/omni-agents-instrumentation/omni-agents-instrumentation.md. There is no Application Signals path for an agent framework.
3. If the request is about instrumenting a general application (a service on EC2, ECS, EKS, or Lambda in Python, Node.js, Java, or .NET — not an AI-agent framework), decide the product before opening any procedure file — the two paths are mutually exclusive on a workload:
   • Names Application Signals, ServiceEvents, a "monitored service", the service map, the amazon-cloudwatch-observability add-on, the CloudWatch Agent, or port 4316 → the CloudWatch path: references/cloudwatch/application-signals-onboarding.md, then the matching references/cloudwatch/appsignals-guides/<platform>-<language>.md.
   • Names Omni, Application Observability, a Space, a Domain, or a Dataset — or explicitly rules Application Signals out ("plain OTel", "no add-on", "no agent sidecar") → the Omni path: references/cloudwatch-omni/instrumentation/instrumentation.md.
   • Names neither → rule 4.
4. If an instrumentation, ADOT, or collector request names neither product (neither Omni or a Space, nor Application Signals, ServiceEvents, or the amazon-cloudwatch-observability add-on), probe for a Space in the target Region before choosing. list-spaces is account-global: the --region flag only selects the endpoint, and the response lists every Space in the account, each with its own region, so filter to the target Region rather than trusting a non-empty list: aws cloudwatchomni list-spaces --region <region> --query "items[?region=='<region>']". A Space in that Region → the Omni path, references/cloudwatch-omni/instrumentation/instrumentation.md. An empty filtered list → the customer has not adopted Omni in that Region, so Application Signals is the live product for them: references/cloudwatch/application-signals-onboarding.md. Either way the request stays in this skill — the probe picks the folder, not the skill. If the probe errors with an unknown service, that is the CLI model, not evidence Omni is absent — fall back to the customer's wording and ask only if still inconclusive.
5. If the request is about Space/Domain creation or configuration, route to the matching setup reference. An authorization error that appears the moment a just-created Space is used is part of this — it is a space access role trust-policy problem (create-space never verifies the role can be assumed), so route to references/cloudwatch-omni/spaces-and-domains.md → "If the Space was created but cannot be used", not to the access-grants reference.
6. If the user asks about getting telemetry to a destination — telemetry not yet reaching CloudWatch — deploy an OTel Collector on EC2/ECS/EKS so an instrumented workload has somewhere to send OTLP, and wire the app's OTEL_EXPORTER_OTLP_ENDPOINT to it: references/cloudwatch-omni/instrumentation/collector.md. The collector exports straight to CloudWatch's own per-signal OTLP endpoints. If instead the telemetry is already in CloudWatch log groups and needs forwarding into the Dataset, route to references/cloudwatch-omni/data-forwarding-and-centralization.md. Both the collector's OTLP export and CloudWatch's OTLP endpoints authenticate with SigV4 (AWS credentials), including OIDC-federated credentials for a workload outside AWS (see references/cloudwatch-omni/azure-ingestion/custom-telemetry.md). A purely token-based ingestion path for a sender that cannot obtain AWS credentials at all is not covered by these skills; do not improvise one, and say so plainly.
7. If the request is about getting Azure telemetry into CloudWatch, route to references/cloudwatch-omni/azure-ingestion/azure-ingestion.md and decide by intent. If the customer wants the telemetry their own application produces (the logs/metrics/traces from their code), that is supported via the CloudWatch agent on an Azure VM or AKS cluster — follow the reference. If they want telemetry their Azure resources emit on their own (the Azure equivalent of AWS VPC flow logs / Route 53 logs), that is not available — say so and do not attempt a setup.
8. If the user asks to connect, enable, or authorize Slack for a Space for the first time (including granting the operator permission to use it), route to references/cloudwatch-omni/slack-integration.md. Using Slack after it is connected (posting findings to a channel, mentioning the assistant, or searching Slack) happens in Slack and the console and is not covered by these skills; Slack as an alert notification target is covered by aws-observability's Omni alerts reference.
9. Application Signals, ServiceEvents, and Dynamic Instrumentation are CloudWatch features, and they split by setup versus use — not by skill. Enabling them on a service that does not have them yet is setup and belongs here, under references/cloudwatch/: Application Signals onboarding and ServiceEvents in references/cloudwatch/application-signals-onboarding.md (with the CI/CD metadata chain in references/cloudwatch/application-signals-cicd-metadata.md), and switching Dynamic Instrumentation on at instrumentation time in that same file's Step 5d. They must never appear in an Omni instrumentation change — for that they remain out of scope, and rule 3 is how you tell the two paths apart. Using them once the service reports — reading the service map, alarming on Application Signals metrics, or placing breakpoints and reading snapshots with Dynamic Instrumentation — is day-to-day work: STOP and route to aws-observability.
10. If the user already has a working Space, or a service already reporting to Application Signals, and is asking about queries/dashboards/alarms/alerts/investigation, STOP and route to aws-observability.
11. If the user asks to register their own MCP tool server, connect a custom MCP server, or set up MCP authentication: CloudWatch Omni does not let customers add a custom MCP server. There is no console screen for it and the integration type is not enabled for customer use, so the attempt is refused. Say so plainly and stop; do not describe a setup flow, and do not offer a substitute. See references/cloudwatch-omni/custom-mcp-integration.md.
12. If the user asks to connect GitHub, link a GitHub organization or repositories, or enrich the application map from source code: CloudWatch Omni has no GitHub integration. Say so plainly and stop — do not walk through a setup. Do not offer a substitute: the Application Signals GitHub Action and the CloudWatch Logs GitHub audit-log source are separate CloudWatch features, not a way to connect GitHub to Omni, and a custom MCP server is not a GitHub integration. A GitHub-related feature found in public documentation is not evidence of an Omni GitHub integration.
13. If the request names neither product — "add observability to my API", "how should I begin monitoring my workload", with no mention of Omni, a Space, a Domain, or of a CloudWatch feature — do not assume either one. Which product a customer wants to set up is their intent, not something the account's current state tells you, so ask, framed product versus product: CloudWatch Omni (Application/Agent Observability — Domains, Spaces, grants, a Dataset) or CloudWatch (log groups, alarms, Log Insights, Application Signals). Both answers are served here, from different reference folders, so this is a question about which product to set up — not about which skill to use, and not a reason to hand the request to aws-observability. In the same message, explain the boundary so they can choose — it is setup versus use: creating or configuring a Domain, Space, grant, or Access Profile, getting telemetry flowing for the first time, instrumenting an application or agent for Omni, and onboarding a service to Application Signals are all first-time setup and belong here; querying telemetry, building dashboards, configuring alarms or Omni alerts, investigating a live problem, and debugging with Dynamic Instrumentation are day-to-day use and belong to aws-observability. Do not start walking through Domain/Space creation or Application Signals onboarding until they confirm which product; having asked, stop and wait.