Model Serving Endpoints

FIRST: Use the parent databricks-core skill for CLI basics, authentication, and profile selection.

Gateway boundary: This skill owns legacy AI Gateway configuration attached to a Model Serving endpoint, such as serving-endpoints put-ai-gateway. An explicit Unity Gateway / Unity AI Gateway request or any databricks ai-gateway model service, MCP service, or model provider service belongs to databricks-unity-gateway.

Model Serving provides managed endpoints for serving LLMs, custom ML models, and external models as scalable REST APIs. Endpoints are identified by name (unique per workspace).

Endpoint Types

Type	When to Use	Key Detail
Pay-per-token	Foundation Model APIs (Llama, GPT-5, Claude, Gemini, etc.)	Uses system.ai.* catalog models, pre-provisioned in every workspace. Discover at runtime — see Foundation Model API endpoints below.
Provisioned throughput	Dedicated GPU capacity	Guaranteed throughput, higher cost
Custom model	Your own MLflow models or containers	Deploy any model with an MLflow signature

Endpoint Structure

Serving Endpoint (top-level, identified by NAME)
  ├── Config
  │     ├── Served Entities (model references + scaling config)
  │     └── Traffic Config (routing percentages across entities)
  ├── AI Gateway (rate limits, usage tracking)
  └── State (READY / NOT_READY, config_update status)

• Served Entities: Each entity references a model (from Unity Catalog or MLflow) with scaling parameters. Get the entity name from served_entities[].name in the get output — needed for build-logs and logs commands.
• Traffic Config: Routes requests across served entities by percentage (for A/B testing, canary deployments).
• State: Endpoints transition NOT_READY → READY after creation or config update. Poll via get to check state.ready.

CLI Discovery — ALWAYS Do This First

Do NOT guess command syntax. Discover available commands and their usage dynamically:

# List all serving-endpoints subcommands
databricks serving-endpoints -h

# Get detailed usage for any subcommand (flags, args, JSON fields)
databricks serving-endpoints <subcommand> -h

Run databricks serving-endpoints -h before constructing any command. Run databricks serving-endpoints <subcommand> -h to discover exact flags, positional arguments, and JSON spec fields for that subcommand.

Create an Endpoint

Do NOT list endpoints before creating.

databricks serving-endpoints create <ENDPOINT_NAME> \
  --json '{
    "served_entities": [{
      "entity_name": "<MODEL_CATALOG_PATH>",
      "entity_version": "<VERSION>",
      "min_provisioned_throughput": 0,
      "max_provisioned_throughput": 0,
      "workload_size": "Small",
      "scale_to_zero_enabled": true
    }],
    "traffic_config": {
      "routes": [{
        "served_entity_name": "<ENTITY_NAME>",
        "traffic_percentage": 100
      }]
    }
  }' --profile <PROFILE>

• Discover available Foundation Models: see Foundation Model API endpoints below for the runtime-list snippet and default-picking rules. You can also check the system.ai catalog in Unity Catalog, or run databricks serving-endpoints list --profile <PROFILE> to see what's deployed in the workspace. Use databricks serving-endpoints get-open-api <ENDPOINT_NAME> --profile <PROFILE> to inspect a specific endpoint's API schema.
• Long-running operation; the CLI waits for completion by default. Use --no-wait to return immediately, then poll:

  databricks serving-endpoints get <ENDPOINT_NAME> --profile <PROFILE>
  # Check: state.ready == "READY"
  

• For provisioned throughput or custom model endpoints, run databricks serving-endpoints create -h to discover the required JSON fields for your endpoint type.

MLflow Deployments client (Python alternative)

mlflow.deployments.get_deploy_client("databricks").create_endpoint(name=..., config={...}) takes the same JSON shape as the CLI. Two gotchas:

• tags= is a top-level kwarg, NOT a field inside config. Same [{key, value}] shape as serving-endpoints patch --add-tags.
• traffic_config.routes[].served_model_name = "<model>-<version>" (e.g. "turbine_failure-3"). The API auto-derives this from the entity, but you reference the exact string in traffic_config — get the format wrong and the route silently doesn't match.

Zero-downtime version swap

To roll an endpoint to a new model version: repoint the alias and call update_endpoint with the new served_entities + matching traffic_config. Missing either half is the common bug — alias-only doesn't update the endpoint; update_endpoint-only leaves the alias pointing at the old version.

from mlflow.tracking import MlflowClient
from mlflow.deployments import get_deploy_client

registry = MlflowClient(registry_uri="databricks-uc")
deploy   = get_deploy_client("databricks")

registry.set_registered_model_alias(FULL_NAME, "prod", new_version)
deploy.update_endpoint(endpoint=ENDPOINT_NAME, config={
    "served_entities": [{"entity_name": FULL_NAME, "entity_version": new_version,
                         "workload_size": "Small", "scale_to_zero_enabled": True}],
    "traffic_config": {"routes": [
        {"served_model_name": f"{NAME}-{new_version}", "traffic_percentage": 100}
    ]},
})

The CLI equivalent is databricks serving-endpoints update-config <NAME> --json '...'. Either way, poll both state.ready and state.config_update afterward — see Endpoint Readiness below.

Endpoint Readiness

After create or update-config, the endpoint provisions compute and loads the model. Do not query the endpoint until it is ready. Two state fields matter and they mean different things:

• state.ready — READY once the endpoint has any working config. Stays READY during a version swap.
• state.config_update — NOT_UPDATING once the current config update finishes; IN_PROGRESS during a version swap.

A loop watching only state.ready will say "ready" mid version-swap while the old version is still serving. Poll both:

databricks serving-endpoints get <ENDPOINT_NAME> --profile <PROFILE> \
  | jq '{ready: .state.ready, config_update: .state.config_update}'
# Fully ready when ready == "READY" AND config_update == "NOT_UPDATING"

Provisioning may take several minutes. Provisioned throughput endpoints take the longest (GPU allocation). Queries to endpoints that are not yet READY return 404 or 503.

Query an Endpoint

Chat / agent endpoints use the messages array:

databricks serving-endpoints query <ENDPOINT_NAME> \
  --json '{"messages": [{"role": "user", "content": "Hello"}]}' --profile <PROFILE>

Classical-ML endpoints use dataframe_records (one record per row):

databricks serving-endpoints query <ENDPOINT_NAME> \
  --json '{"dataframe_records": [{"vibration": 0.42, "rpm": 18.3, "temp_c": 71.2}]}'

• Use --stream for streaming responses on chat endpoints.
• For embeddings or other custom schemas: use get-open-api <ENDPOINT_NAME> first to discover the request/response shape.

Get Endpoint Schema (OpenAPI)

Returns the OpenAPI 3.1 JSON schema describing what each served model accepts and returns. Use this to understand an endpoint's input/output format before querying it.

databricks serving-endpoints get-open-api <ENDPOINT_NAME> --profile <PROFILE>

The schema shows paths per served model (e.g., /served-models/<model-name>/invocations) with full request/response definitions including parameter types, enums, and nullable fields.

Other Commands

Run databricks serving-endpoints <subcommand> -h for usage details.

Task	Command	Notes
List all endpoints	list
Get endpoint details	get <NAME>	Shows state, config, served entities
Delete endpoint	delete <NAME>
Update served entities or traffic	update-config <NAME> --json '...'	Zero-downtime: old config serves until new is ready
Rate limits & usage tracking	put-ai-gateway <NAME> --json '...'
Update tags	patch <NAME> --json '...'
Build logs	build-logs <NAME> <SERVED_MODEL>	Get SERVED_MODEL from get output: served_entities[].name
Runtime logs	logs <NAME> <SERVED_MODEL>
Metrics (Prometheus format)	export-metrics <NAME>
Permissions	get-permissions <ENDPOINT_ID>	⚠️ Uses endpoint ID (hex string), not name. Find ID via get.

What's Next

Integrate with a Databricks App

After creating a serving endpoint, wire it into a Databricks App.

Step 1 — Check if the serving plugin is available in the AppKit template:

databricks apps manifest --profile <PROFILE>

If the output includes a serving plugin, scaffold with:

databricks apps init --name <APP_NAME> \
  --features serving \
  --set "serving.serving-endpoint.name=<ENDPOINT_NAME>" \
  --run none --profile <PROFILE>

Step 2 — If no serving plugin, add the endpoint resource manually to an existing app's databricks.yml:

resources:
  apps:
    my_app:
      resources:
        - name: my-model-endpoint
          serving_endpoint:
            name: <ENDPOINT_NAME>
            permission: CAN_QUERY

And inject the endpoint name as an environment variable in app.yaml:

env:
  - name: SERVING_ENDPOINT
    valueFrom: serving-endpoint

Then wire the endpoint into your app via the serving() plugin or a custom route in onPluginsReady. For the full app integration pattern, use the databricks-apps skill and read the Model Serving Guide.

Develop & deploy new models

This skill is ops-focused (manage existing endpoints). For the dev-side flow — training, MLflow tracking, UC registration, custom PyFunc authoring, and hand-rolled ResponsesAgent code — see databricks-ml-training (experimental).

Foundation Model API endpoints

Pay-per-token, pre-provisioned in every workspace. New models land regularly and a static skill list goes stale fast — always list at runtime instead of hard-coding names. Filter by the databricks- name prefix AND by the served entity being in system.ai.* (other endpoints like databricks-app-template-serving share the prefix but aren't FM API endpoints). Use Databricks Unity Gateway (databricks-unity-gateway) to manage access to foundation model endpoints. Do not use databricks-model-serving legacy AI Gateway.

# FM API endpoints in this workspace, grouped by task (chat / embeddings / etc.)
databricks serving-endpoints list \
  | jq -r '.[]
      | select(.name | startswith("databricks-"))
      | select((.config.served_entities[0].entity_name // "") | startswith("system.ai."))
      | "\(.task)\t\(.name)"' \
  | sort

Defaults when the user doesn't specify: pick the highest-numbered Claude Sonnet for agents, the highest-numbered -codex-max for code, databricks-gte-large-en for embeddings — resolve actual names from the live list above.

Off-platform streaming

For apps deployed outside Databricks Apps (Vercel, AWS, standalone Node.js) hitting Databricks legacy AI Gateway with Vercel AI SDK v6, see references/off-platform-streaming.md. Off-platform apps should be updated to hit Databricks Unity Gateway (databricks-unity-gateway). For AppKit-based apps, use the databricks-apps skill's built-in serving plugin instead.

Troubleshooting

Error	Solution
cannot configure default credentials	Use --profile flag or authenticate first
PERMISSION_DENIED	Check workspace permissions; for apps, ensure serving_endpoint resource declared with CAN_QUERY
Endpoint stuck in NOT_READY	Wait up to 30 min for provisioned throughput. Check build logs: build-logs <NAME> <ENTITY_NAME> (get entity name from get output → served_entities[].name)
RESOURCE_DOES_NOT_EXIST	Verify endpoint name with list
Query returns 404	Endpoint may still be provisioning; check state.ready via get
RATE_LIMIT_EXCEEDED (429)	AI Gateway rate limit; check put-ai-gateway config or retry after backoff
Endpoint missing from the Serving UI after deploy	UI filter defaults to "Owned by me". Deploy jobs run as a service principal, so the endpoint is hidden until you switch to "All". databricks serving-endpoints list always shows it.