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offensive-bluetooth-classic

Bluetooth Classic (BR/EDR) attack methodology — device discovery, service enumeration via SDP, LMP/L2CAP layer attacks, legacy PIN cracking (BlueBorne / KNOB), Bluetooth file-transfer abuse (BlueSnarfing legacy), unauthenticated profile abuse (HSP, HFP, OPP), and modern relevance against older industrial / automotive / accessory targets. Use when in-scope devices use Bluetooth Classic (Bluetooth ≤ 4.0 BR/EDR) — common in legacy car kits, industrial sensors, older medical devices, and audio accessories.

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Bluetooth Classic (BR/EDR) Attacks

Older than BLE, less commonly attacked today, but still present in cars, industrial sensors, audio gear, and legacy enterprise hardware. Many of the well-known historic attacks (BlueSnarf, BlueBug) are mitigated; KNOB and the BlueBorne family remain relevant against unpatched devices.

Quick Workflow

  1. Discover devices with hcitool / bluetoothctl / redfang
  2. Enumerate exposed services via SDP
  3. Test each service profile for unauth access
  4. Check pairing crypto (KNOB applicability)
  5. Proximity-physical attacks for legacy / unpatched

Discovery

# Modern adapter (built-in or USB Bluetooth 4.0+)
sudo hciconfig hci0 up
sudo hcitool inq                       # inquiry
sudo hcitool scan --length=12          # 12-second scan

# bluetoothctl interactive
bluetoothctl
> scan on
> devices

# Discoverable-mode-only devices appear; non-discoverable need address brute
sudo redfang -r 00:00:00:00:00:00-FF:FF:FF:FF:FF:FF
# (very slow — ~7 hours per OUI prefix)

Service Discovery (SDP)

# List all services on a device
sdptool browse AA:BB:CC:DD:EE:FF
sdptool records AA:BB:CC:DD:EE:FF

Common profiles and their attack relevance:

ProfileUUIDAttack
OBEX Object Push (OPP)0x1105BlueSnarf/BlueBug on legacy phones (mostly extinct)
OBEX File Transfer (FTP)0x1106Browse / write filesystem on legacy devices
Headset (HSP/HFP)0x1108 / 0x111EEavesdrop active call audio
Serial Port Profile (SPP)0x1101Industrial/IoT debug ports — often unauthenticated
HID0x1124Keyboard/mouse impersonation
Audio Sink/Source (A2DP)0x110B / 0x110AAudio injection/eavesdrop

SPP Abuse

The Serial Port Profile (SPP) tunnels arbitrary data over Bluetooth as a virtual COM port. Industrial / IoT devices use it for debug or telemetry, often without authentication.

# Connect to SPP service, channel typically 1
sudo rfcomm bind /dev/rfcomm0 AA:BB:CC:DD:EE:FF 1
sudo screen /dev/rfcomm0 9600
# Then interact with the device's CLI / debug menu

KNOB (CVE-2019-9506)

Forces Bluetooth pairing to negotiate a 1-byte encryption key — making the link key trivially brute-forceable.

# Test with internalblue (requires Broadcom firmware patch)
git clone https://github.com/seemoo-lab/internalblue
internalblue
> log keys
# Patch firmware to allow 1-byte key; pair with target; observe weak key

Patched in firmware on most modern devices. Still works against:

  • Older Broadcom-based devices (pre-2019 BCM chipsets)
  • Embedded automotive Bluetooth stacks
  • Cheap consumer audio gear

BlueBorne (CVE-2017-1000251 et al.)

A family of buffer overflows / info leaks in major Bluetooth stacks (Linux BlueZ, Android, Windows, iOS). Mostly patched 2017–2018, but unpatched embedded Linux devices are common.

# Armis blueborne-scanner — checks for patch-level
git clone https://github.com/ArmisSecurity/blueborne
python blueborne_scanner.py AA:BB:CC:DD:EE:FF

HID Spoofing (PoC)

If pairing succeeds via Just Works or weak PIN, you can register as a HID device — keystroke injection on an unattended Bluetooth-paired host.

# bdaddr + HID example — register custom HID on rfcomm
hcitool dev
hciconfig hci0 class 0x000540   # HID device class
sdptool add HID
# Use a HID descriptor crafted as keyboard, send keystrokes

Audio Eavesdropping

If a target has Bluetooth headset paired and active, and you can re-pair (PIN brute or KNOB):

  • HSP/HFP profiles let you become the peer and receive audio
  • Some firmware allows simultaneous peer connections — eavesdrop without disrupting

Engagement Cheatsheet

# 1. Discover
sudo hcitool inq

# 2. Enumerate services per device
sdptool browse <MAC>

# 3. SPP (industrial/IoT) — connect and explore
sudo rfcomm bind /dev/rfcomm0 <MAC> 1
sudo screen /dev/rfcomm0 9600

# 4. Patch-level scan
python blueborne_scanner.py <MAC>

# 5. KNOB testing (with adapter that supports internalblue)
internalblue → log keys → re-pair target

# 6. Document profiles, auth state, exposed commands per device

Detection

  • No native Bluetooth Classic IDS in most environments
  • Active inquiry visible to nearby Bluetooth-aware monitoring (rare)
  • Re-pairing prompts on target devices may surface to users

Reporting

  • Identify chipset + firmware version per device (often visible in service records)
  • Map CVE applicability (BlueBorne, KNOB, BlueFrag, et al.)
  • Document specific profile abuses (SPP exposed without auth, HID spoofing successful, etc.)

Key References

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