n8n Workflows

n8n MCP Server Kurulumu

NPM Kurulum

npm install -g n8n
n8n start  # http://localhost:5678

Docker Kurulum

docker run -d \
  --name n8n \
  -p 5678:5678 \
  -v n8n_data:/home/node/.n8n \
  -e N8N_BASIC_AUTH_ACTIVE=true \
  -e N8N_BASIC_AUTH_USER=admin \
  -e N8N_BASIC_AUTH_PASSWORD=<strong-password> \
  n8nio/n8n

MCP Server Config

{
  "mcpServers": {
    "n8n": {
      "command": "npx",
      "args": ["-y", "@anthropic/n8n-mcp-server"],
      "env": {
        "N8N_API_URL": "http://localhost:5678/api/v1",
        "N8N_API_KEY": "<n8n-api-key>"
      }
    }
  }
}

API Key Olusturma

n8n UI > Settings > API > Create API Key
Scope: workflow:read, workflow:write, execution:read

Workflow Olusturma

Temel Yapi

{
  "name": "My Workflow",
  "nodes": [
    {
      "name": "Trigger",
      "type": "n8n-nodes-base.webhook",
      "position": [250, 300],
      "parameters": {
        "path": "my-webhook",
        "httpMethod": "POST"
      }
    },
    {
      "name": "Process",
      "type": "n8n-nodes-base.function",
      "position": [450, 300],
      "parameters": {
        "functionCode": "return items.map(item => ({ json: { processed: true, ...item.json } }));"
      }
    }
  ],
  "connections": {
    "Trigger": {
      "main": [[{ "node": "Process", "type": "main", "index": 0 }]]
    }
  }
}

MCP ile Workflow Olustur

n8n.create_workflow({
  name: "Deploy Notification",
  nodes: [...],
  connections: {...},
  active: true
})

Workflow Listele

n8n.list_workflows({
  active: true,
  tags: ["production"]
})

Workflow Calistir

n8n.execute_workflow({
  workflow_id: "123",
  data: {
    environment: "production",
    version: "v1.2.3"
  }
})

Trigger Tipleri

Webhook Trigger

{
  "type": "n8n-nodes-base.webhook",
  "parameters": {
    "path": "deploy-hook",
    "httpMethod": "POST",
    "authentication": "headerAuth",
    "options": {
      "responseMode": "responseNode",
      "responseCode": 200
    }
  }
}

Cron Trigger

{
  "type": "n8n-nodes-base.cron",
  "parameters": {
    "triggerTimes": {
      "item": [
        { "mode": "everyDay", "hour": 9, "minute": 0 },
        { "mode": "custom", "cronExpression": "0 */6 * * *" }
      ]
    }
  }
}

Event Trigger'lar

Trigger	Kaynak	Kullanim
Webhook	Dis sistem	GitHub push, Stripe payment
Cron	Zamanlama	Gunluk rapor, cleanup
Email (IMAP)	Email	Support ticket olusturma
RSS	Feed	Icerik izleme
Telegram	Bot mesaj	Komut isleme
GitHub	Repo event	CI/CD tetikleme
Slack	Mesaj/mention	Team notification
Database	Row change	Data sync

Poll Trigger

{
  "type": "n8n-nodes-base.pollTrigger",
  "parameters": {
    "pollTimes": {
      "item": [{ "mode": "everyMinute", "minute": 5 }]
    },
    "url": "https://api.example.com/status"
  }
}

Node Tipleri ve Kullanimi

HTTP Request

{
  "type": "n8n-nodes-base.httpRequest",
  "parameters": {
    "url": "https://api.example.com/data",
    "method": "POST",
    "authentication": "predefinedCredentialType",
    "nodeCredentialType": "httpHeaderAuth",
    "sendBody": true,
    "bodyParameters": {
      "parameters": [
        { "name": "key", "value": "={{ $json.value }}" }
      ]
    },
    "options": {
      "timeout": 10000,
      "retry": { "maxRetries": 3, "retryInterval": 1000 }
    }
  }
}

Function Node (JavaScript)

{
  "type": "n8n-nodes-base.function",
  "parameters": {
    "functionCode": "const results = [];\nfor (const item of items) {\n  const data = item.json;\n  results.push({\n    json: {\n      name: data.name.toUpperCase(),\n      processed_at: new Date().toISOString()\n    }\n  });\n}\nreturn results;"
  }
}

IF Node (Kosul)

{
  "type": "n8n-nodes-base.if",
  "parameters": {
    "conditions": {
      "string": [
        {
          "value1": "={{ $json.status }}",
          "operation": "equal",
          "value2": "success"
        }
      ]
    }
  }
}

Switch Node

{
  "type": "n8n-nodes-base.switch",
  "parameters": {
    "dataType": "string",
    "value1": "={{ $json.priority }}",
    "rules": {
      "rules": [
        { "value2": "critical", "output": 0 },
        { "value2": "high", "output": 1 },
        { "value2": "low", "output": 2 }
      ]
    }
  }
}

Merge Node

{
  "type": "n8n-nodes-base.merge",
  "parameters": {
    "mode": "mergeByKey",
    "propertyName1": "id",
    "propertyName2": "userId"
  }
}

Yaygin Node'lar

Node	Amac	Ornek
HTTP Request	API cagir	REST endpoint
Function	Kod calistir	Data transform
IF/Switch	Dallanma	Kosula gore yonlendir
Set	Data ata	Field ekle/degistir
Merge	Birlestir	Iki kaynak birlestir
Split In Batches	Parcala	Rate limiting
Wait	Bekle	Delay/approval
Error Trigger	Hata yakala	Hata notification
Slack	Mesaj gonder	Team bildirim
Gmail	Email gonder	Notification
Postgres/MySQL	DB islem	CRUD
Redis	Cache	Key-value store

API Entegrasyonu

Credential Yonetimi

n8n UI > Settings > Credentials > New Credential
Tipler: API Key, OAuth2, Basic Auth, Header Auth

// Workflow'da kullanim
"authentication": "predefinedCredentialType",
"nodeCredentialType": "slackApi"

REST API Cagirma

{
  "type": "n8n-nodes-base.httpRequest",
  "parameters": {
    "url": "https://api.github.com/repos/{{ $json.owner }}/{{ $json.repo }}/pulls",
    "method": "GET",
    "authentication": "predefinedCredentialType",
    "nodeCredentialType": "githubApi",
    "options": {
      "response": { "response": { "fullResponse": true } }
    }
  }
}

Pagination Handling

// Function node: paginated API cagirma
const allResults = [];
let page = 1;
let hasMore = true;

while (hasMore) {
  const response = await this.helpers.httpRequest({
    url: `https://api.example.com/items?page=${page}&per_page=100`,
    method: 'GET',
  });
  allResults.push(...response.data);
  hasMore = response.data.length === 100;
  page++;
}

return allResults.map(item => ({ json: item }));

Error Handling

Try/Catch Pattern

{
  "nodes": [
    {
      "name": "Try",
      "type": "n8n-nodes-base.httpRequest",
      "continueOnFail": true,
      "parameters": { "url": "https://api.example.com/data" }
    },
    {
      "name": "Check Error",
      "type": "n8n-nodes-base.if",
      "parameters": {
        "conditions": {
          "boolean": [
            { "value1": "={{ $json.error }}", "value2": true }
          ]
        }
      }
    },
    {
      "name": "Error Handler",
      "type": "n8n-nodes-base.slack",
      "parameters": {
        "channel": "#alerts",
        "text": "Workflow error: {{ $json.error.message }}"
      }
    }
  ]
}

Error Workflow

n8n UI > Workflow Settings > Error Workflow
Global error handler: her basarisiz workflow bu workflow'u tetikler

Error workflow node'lari:
1. Error Trigger → hata bilgisini al
2. Function → hatayi formatla
3. Slack/Email → bildirim gonder
4. HTTP Request → incident sisteme kaydet

Retry Stratejisi

{
  "parameters": {
    "options": {
      "retry": {
        "maxRetries": 3,
        "retryInterval": 2000,
        "retryOnTimeout": true
      }
    }
  }
}

Workflow Debugging

Execution Log

n8n.list_executions({
  workflow_id: "123",
  status: "error",
  limit: 10
})

Execution Detayi

n8n.get_execution({
  execution_id: "456",
  include_data: true
})
// Her node'un input/output data'sini gosterir

Debug Teknikleri

1. Manual execution: UI'da "Execute Workflow" tikla
2. Node output: Her node'un ciktisini incele
3. Expression editor: {{ $json.field }} ifadelerini test et
4. Console log: Function node'da console.log() kullan
5. Test webhook: Postman/curl ile webhook'u test et
6. Pin data: Test data'yi node'a sabitle (development icin)

CI/CD Entegrasyonu

GitHub Actions ile n8n

# .github/workflows/deploy.yml
name: Deploy
on:
  push:
    branches: [main]

jobs:
  deploy:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    steps:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
      - name: Deploy
        run: ./deploy.sh
      - name: Notify n8n
        run: |
          curl -X POST https://n8n.example.com/webhook/deploy-complete \
            -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
            -H "Authorization: Bearer ${{ secrets.N8N_WEBHOOK_TOKEN }}" \
            -d '{
              "repo": "${{ github.repository }}",
              "branch": "${{ github.ref_name }}",
              "commit": "${{ github.sha }}",
              "actor": "${{ github.actor }}"
            }'

Claude Code'dan Workflow Tetikleme

# Webhook ile tetikle
curl -X POST http://localhost:5678/webhook/my-workflow \
  -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
  -d '{"action": "deploy", "version": "v1.2.3"}'

# API ile tetikle
curl -X POST http://localhost:5678/api/v1/workflows/123/execute \
  -H "X-N8N-API-KEY: <api-key>" \
  -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
  -d '{"data": {"key": "value"}}'

Workflow Export/Import (GitOps)

# Export (backup)
curl -s http://localhost:5678/api/v1/workflows \
  -H "X-N8N-API-KEY: <key>" | jq '.' > workflows-backup.json

# Import
curl -X POST http://localhost:5678/api/v1/workflows \
  -H "X-N8N-API-KEY: <key>" \
  -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
  -d @workflow.json

Ornek Workflow'lar

1. Deploy Notification

Trigger: Webhook (GitHub Actions'dan)
  → Function: Deploy bilgisini formatla
  → Slack: #deployments kanalina bildir
  → IF: Production deploy mi?
    → YES: Telegram'a da bildir
    → NO: Sadece Slack

{
  "name": "Deploy Notification",
  "nodes": [
    {
      "name": "Webhook",
      "type": "n8n-nodes-base.webhook",
      "parameters": { "path": "deploy-notify", "httpMethod": "POST" }
    },
    {
      "name": "Format",
      "type": "n8n-nodes-base.function",
      "parameters": {
        "functionCode": "const d = items[0].json;\nreturn [{ json: { text: `Deploy: ${d.repo} (${d.branch}) by ${d.actor}\\nCommit: ${d.commit.substring(0,7)}` } }];"
      }
    },
    {
      "name": "Slack",
      "type": "n8n-nodes-base.slack",
      "parameters": { "channel": "#deployments", "text": "={{ $json.text }}" }
    }
  ]
}

2. Issue Triage

Trigger: GitHub (issue opened)
  → Function: Label belirle (title/body analizi)
  → GitHub: Label ata
  → IF: Bug mu?
    → YES: Slack #bugs kanalina bildir, P1 ise mention
    → NO: Backlog'a ekle

3. PR Review Reminder

Trigger: Cron (her gun 10:00)
  → GitHub: Acik PR'lari listele
  → IF: 24+ saat review bekleyen var mi?
    → YES: Slack'te reviewer'a mention at
    → NO: Bos geç

4. Daily Standup Collector

Trigger: Cron (her gun 09:00)
  → Slack: #standup kanalina soru gonder
  → Wait: 2 saat
  → Slack: Cevaplari topla
  → Function: Ozet olustur
  → Notion: Standup sayfasina kaydet

5. Error Alert Pipeline

Trigger: Webhook (app error handler'dan)
  → Function: Error dedup (son 5dk ayni hata var mi)
  → IF: Yeni hata mi?
    → YES:
      → Switch (severity):
        → Critical: PagerDuty + Slack + Telegram
        → High: Slack + Email
        → Low: Slack only
    → NO: Counter artir, sessiz kal

Best Practices

Workflow Tasarimi

Kural	Aciklama
Tek sorumluluk	Her workflow tek bir is yapsin
Error handling	Her dis API call'da continueOnFail
Idempotent	Ayni input, ayni output (retry-safe)
Timeout	HTTP request'lere timeout koy
Rate limit	Split In Batches ile API limit'e uy
Credential	Hardcode yapma, n8n credential store kullan
Naming	Node isimlerini aciklayici yap
Testing	Pin data ile test et, sonra production'a al

Guvenlik

1. Webhook'lara authentication ekle (header auth veya HMAC)
2. Credential'lari n8n credential store'da tut
3. Sensitive data'yi log'lama
4. Network: n8n'i public internet'e ACMA (reverse proxy kullan)
5. API key'leri environment variable'dan al
6. Workflow export'larinda credential'lar OLMAZ (import sonrasi set et)

Performans

1. Batch processing: Split In Batches node kullan
2. Parallel execution: baska node'lara dallan
3. Caching: Redis node ile sik kullanilan data'yi cache'le
4. Pagination: Buyuk data set'lerde sayfalama yap
5. Timeout: Uzun workflow'lara timeout koy (workflow settings)
6. Cleanup: Eski execution log'larini sil (Settings > Pruning)

Anti-Patterns

Anti-Pattern	Dogru Yol
Monolithic workflow	Kucuk, tek sorumluluk workflow'lar
No error handling	continueOnFail + error workflow
Hardcoded credentials	n8n credential store
No retry	Retry config ekle
Polling every second	Webhook kullan veya 5min+ interval
No dedup	Duplicate event kontrolu ekle
No monitoring	Execution log + error alert workflow