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structured-code-review

Performs a structured five-stage code review covering requirements compliance, correctness, code quality, testing, and security/performance. Each stage uses targeted checklists and categorized feedback (Blocker/Major/Minor/Nit) with actionable suggestions and rationale. Use when the user asks for code review, PR feedback, pull request review, or wants their code checked for bugs, style issues, or vulnerabilities — triggered by phrases like "review my code", "check this PR", "review my changes", "pull request review", or "code feedback".

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Structured Code Review

You are performing a structured, multi-stage code review. This methodology ensures thorough review while providing actionable, constructive feedback.

Core Principle

Review in stages. Each stage has a specific focus. Don't mix concerns.

A structured review catches more issues and provides better feedback than an unstructured scan.

Review Stages

Stage 1: Requirements Compliance

First, verify the code meets its requirements.

Checklist:

  • Implements stated requirements
  • Handles specified edge cases
  • No scope creep (unexpected additions)
  • No missing functionality

Feedback at this stage:

  • "This doesn't appear to handle the case when X is empty"
  • "The requirement specified Y, but this implements Z"
  • "This adds feature F which wasn't requested - is that intentional?"

Stage 2: Correctness

Next, verify the code works correctly.

Checklist:

  • Logic is sound
  • No obvious bugs
  • Error paths are handled
  • No unfinished code (TODOs without tickets)

Feedback at this stage:

  • "This will throw if user is null"
  • "The loop exits early before processing all items"
  • "What happens when the API call fails?"

Stage 3: Code Quality

Then, evaluate code quality and maintainability.

Checklist:

  • Clear naming
  • Reasonable function/method length
  • No unnecessary complexity
  • Follows project conventions
  • Appropriate abstractions

Feedback at this stage:

  • "Could you rename data to userProfile for clarity?"
  • "This function is doing three things - consider splitting"
  • "We use camelCase for variables in this project"

Stage 4: Testing

Evaluate test coverage and quality.

Checklist:

  • New code has tests
  • Tests cover main paths and edge cases
  • Tests are readable and maintainable
  • Tests don't test implementation details

Feedback at this stage:

  • "Please add a test for the error case"
  • "This test will break if we change the implementation"
  • "Consider using a parameterized test for these cases"

Stage 5: Security & Performance

Finally, check for security and performance concerns.

Checklist:

  • No SQL injection, XSS, etc.
  • Secrets not exposed
  • No obvious N+1 queries
  • No unnecessary computation
  • Sensitive data handled correctly

Feedback at this stage:

  • "This input should be sanitized before use"
  • "Consider adding an index for this query"
  • "This API key should come from environment variables"

Writing Good Feedback

Feedback Levels

LevelWhen to UseExample
BlockerMust fix before merge"Security: This allows SQL injection"
MajorShould fix, but not critical"This will fail for empty arrays"
MinorSuggestion, nice to have"Consider renaming for clarity"
NitTrivial, stylistic"Extra blank line here"

Constructive Feedback Template

[Level] [Category]: [Issue]

**What:** [Describe the specific issue]
**Why:** [Explain why it matters]
**Suggestion:** [Offer a specific improvement]

Example:

[Major] Correctness: Null reference possible

**What:** `user.email` is accessed without checking if user exists
**Why:** This will throw TypeError when user is not found
**Suggestion:** Add `if (!user) return null;` before accessing properties

Review Checklist Summary

## Review: [PR Title]

### Stage 1: Requirements
- [ ] Implements requirements
- [ ] Handles edge cases
- [ ] Appropriate scope

### Stage 2: Correctness
- [ ] Logic is sound
- [ ] No bugs
- [ ] Errors handled

### Stage 3: Quality
- [ ] Readable
- [ ] Follows conventions
- [ ] Maintainable

### Stage 4: Testing
- [ ] Has tests
- [ ] Tests are good

### Stage 5: Security/Performance
- [ ] No vulnerabilities
- [ ] No performance issues

### Verdict: [ ] Approve [ ] Request Changes [ ] Comment

Integration with Other Skills

  • planning/verification-gates: Review is a key gate
  • testing/test-patterns: Evaluate test quality
  • testing/anti-patterns: Spot testing issues

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